When a company buys back its own shares from a shareholder, the proceeds can be taxed in one of two completely different ways. On a large buyback the gap between them runs into hundreds of thousands of pounds. The transaction is identical either way; only the tax treatment changes. That is exactly why HMRC pays attention, and why you should too.
Take money out of your company that isn't salary, a dividend or a genuine expense, and it lands in your director's loan account. Leave that account overdrawn and it triggers tax charges that catch a lot of owner-directors by surprise. From April 2026 the main charge is bigger than it used to be.
If you're a director running a company that's making real profit, one of the most tax-efficient decisions you can make is paying pension contributions through the company rather than from your personal income.
Running a limited company means you only pay corporation tax on profit, not on revenue. That profit is calculated by taking your income and subtracting your expenses. But not every expense you incur gets deducted.
If you run a limited company and occasionally take money out that's neither salary nor dividend, it goes into something called a director's loan account.
If the only financial information you look at each year is your statutory accounts, you're making decisions about your business based on figures that are six to nine months old.